Mowa pasywna

Mowę pasywną formujemy poprzez włożenie czasownika "to be" w miejsce aktywnego czasownika dodając przy tym formę "past participle" aktywnego czasownika.

Tutaj znajduję sie link do nagrania audio w których wytłumaczone zostają zasady mowy pasywnej.

Zdanie -> Mowa aktywna -> Mowa pasywna

Simple Present The director types reports. -> Reports are typed. (by the director)

Simple Past The director typed reports. -> Reports were typed.

Present Continuous The director is typing reports. -> Reports are being typed.

Past Continuous The director was typing reports. -> Reports were being typed.

Present Perfect The director has typed reports. -> Reports have been typed.

Past perfect The director had typed reports. -> Reports had been typed.

Simple Future The director will type reports. ->Reports will be typed.

Future Perfect The director will have typed reports. ->Reports will have been typed.

(by the director)

Conditional The director would type reports. -> Reports would be typed.

Conditional Perfect The director would have typed -> Reports would have been typed.

Present Infinitive The director ought to type reports.-> Reports ought to be typed.

Perfect Infinitive The director ought to have typed ->Reports ought to have been

typed.

Gerund The director hates people asking her to type. The director hates being asked

to type reports.

Perfect Gerund The director remembers her boss having asked her to type reports.-> The director remembers having been asked to type reports.

Użycie:

Mowa pasywna jest używana gdy:

-kiedy osoba, która wykonuję daną czynność może być łatwo zrozumiana lub jest nieznana.

She has been arrested (=The police have arrested her)

A new prime minister has been elected (=easily understood: by the citizens.)

-kiedy niezbędne jest by wyjaśnić coś formalnie.

Mowa aktywna: Some people think the prime minister was involved in the conspiracy to overthrow the government

Mowa pasywna: It is thought that the Prime Minister was involved in the conspiracy to overthrow the government./The Prime Minister is thought to have been involved in the conspiracy to overthrow the government.

-kiedy jesteśmy zainteresowani o samo zdarzenie a nie o osobę, która jest zamieszana w dane działanie.

The new hospital will be opened in two days (by the director)

-kiedy chcemy być dyskretni nie ujawniając wykonawcę.

All my gel has been used. (zamiast You've used all my gel)